The Biobrio 12(3&4), 2025

Antibacterial activity and HPLC-based authentication of bioactive metabolites from alcoholic extracts of Glycosmis pentaphylla

Mahi Muskan, Neeraj Agarwal, Meenu Gupta

ABSTRACT:

The present study explores the antibacterial efficacy and phytochemical characterization of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Glycosmis pentaphylla (family Rutaceae). Agar well diffusion assay was performed against four pathogenic strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanol extract exhibited the highest inhibition against E. faecium (0.9 mm), followed by P. aeruginosa (0.6 mm) and S. aureus (0.4 mm), whereas ethanol extract showed comparatively lower activity (0.7 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.2 mm, respectively). No inhibition was observed against K. pneumoniae. HPLC profiling of the methanol extract revealed several bioactive peaks corresponding to flavonoids and alkaloids such as lupeol, glycosmicine, rutin, and quercetin. Quantitative assessment was carried out by comparing peak areas with calibration curves of standard compounds. The study demonstrates that the methanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla possesses notable antibacterial potential due to a higher concentration of polar phytoconstituents. These results support the traditional therapeutic applications of this plant and highlight its potential as a natural source for developing novel antibacterial agents.

Keywords:    

Glycosmis pentaphylla, antibacterial, methanol extract, ethanol extract, HPLC profiling, phytochemical quantification, bioactive metabolites.

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